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Accumulating evidence indicates that experience dependent al
2024-04-24
Accumulating evidence indicates that experience-dependent alterations in glutamate transmission in the NAc, such as those produced by repeated exposure to cocaine, involve alterations in postsynaptic signaling mediated by AMPA-type receptors (Pierce and Wolf, 2013, Wolf and Ferrario, 2010). In the N
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br AKT signaling is essential
2024-04-24
AKT signaling is essential during early dorsal patterning, neural crest induction and maturation AKT signaling modulates EMT and migration of the neural crest cells The defining feature of NC cells is their delamination from the dorsal neural epithelium. At the end of neurulation, mature premi
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br Conclusion br Acknowledgement This work was
2024-04-24
Conclusion Acknowledgement This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Number 15K18770). Introduction Neural crest Cinchonidine are multipotent progenitors in the vertebrate embryo that give rise to a vast array of different cell types including pigment cells, craniofacial skeleton and
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The importance of insulin in controlling
2024-04-24
The importance of insulin in controlling lipolysis and fat mass is further emphasized by mouse models with alterations in the insulin signaling pathway of adipocytes. For example, mice with a tamoxifen-inducible knockout of the insulin receptor in mature adipocytes reveal a substantial decrease of a
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In previous research we determined
2024-04-24
In previous research, we determined that blocking mAC during heparin-induced capacitation result in sperm having a lesser oxygen consumption, suggesting that cAMP produced by this enzyme would be linked to mitochondrial activity and, therefore, with the regulation of sperm metabolism (Fernández and
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Although the effects of adenosine receptor signaling in acut
2024-04-24
Although the effects of adenosine receptor signaling in acute renal IRI have been attributed to the generation of high concentrations of adenosine, we have recently reported an increase in kidney levels of both AMP and adenosine, with a concomitant fall in ATP and ADP. We have also previously demons
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The rapidity of this specific immunosuppressive therapy sugg
2024-04-24
The rapidity of this specific immunosuppressive therapy suggests that it inhibits or apoptoses plasma cells. Most serum autoantibodies to AChR are produced by long-lived plasma cells residing in spleen and bone marrow. These terminally differentiated cells are resistant to most non-specific immunos
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br Dihydrotestosterone in adult fish and frogs br New perspe
2024-04-24
Dihydrotestosterone in adult fish and frogs New perspectives and next directions Similar to other androgens, DHT can modulate reproductive endpoints in both fish and amphibians. However, predicting the effects of DHT can be challenging, as reproductive homeostasis is dependent upon the balance
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In conclusion we have produced some highly potent
2024-04-24
In conclusion, we have produced some highly potent inhibitors of P450 in comparison to the standard Maraviroc australia KTZ. Also, due to the limited specificity of these compounds against lyase in comparison to the 17α-OHase component, these compounds would be expected to have a major impact on co
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What can we learn about the anticancer
2024-04-23
What can we learn about the anticancer therapeutic efficacy of Aurora kinase inhibitors from our experience with the Bcr-Abl inhibitors and the long term clinical consequence of their use in treating leukemias? As discussed, all Aurora kinase inhibitors developed to date are ATP-competitive inhibito
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beta 1 antagonist Aurora kinases were initially identified a
2024-04-23
Aurora kinases were initially identified as protein kinases essential for error-free chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. Aurora A appears to control premetaphase events, such as bipolar spindle assembly 3, 4, with Aurora B and C directing metaphase and postmetaphase events, including
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Recently competitive inhibitors of arginase have been develo
2024-04-23
Recently, competitive inhibitors of arginase have been developed which have greater specificity for the enzyme. Initial development of these compounds involved determination of the crystal structure of arginase. Christianson and colleagues found that a binuclear manganese cluster was required for ca
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Among steroid saponins ginsenosides are the
2024-04-23
Among steroid saponins, ginsenosides are the active components of ginseng, a well-known chinese medicinal plant. More than hundreds of different ginsenosides have been isolated from ginseng and have shown in the past to be membrane active substances and to influence the membrane by modulating lipid
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APJ receptors have a amino acid sequence with a
2024-04-23
APJ receptors have a 380 amino cftr channel sequence with a characteristic G-protein structure, including seven transmembrane domains and post-translation modification sites for phosphorylation, palmitoylation and glycosylation along with association sites for β-arrestin (O'Dowd et al., 1993). APJ
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Additional support for a role of HMGN in enhancing
2024-04-23
Additional support for a role of HMGN1 in enhancing DNA repair comes from studies of transcription-coupled repair (TCR) in human cells. Lesions in the template strand of DNA induced by UV light stall the movement of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and interrupt transcription. Removal of these transcripti
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