• Although the implication of DA and glutamate signaling cross

  2021-01-12

  

  Although the implication of DA and glutamate signaling crosstalk in drug-evoked neuronal adaptations is well acknowledged, targeting the cognate receptors to alleviate symptoms is associated with a loss of efficacy over time and the appearance of severe sides effects, likely due to the involvement o

• To determine whether the same

  2021-01-12

  

  To determine whether the same concentration of humic This means causes changes in PCR efficiency, we performed another experiment in which the humic acid was added to the PCR mix after bisulfite conversion. All samples that were amplified in the presence of humic acid (thick lines) show a decrease i

• Cytokines are small secreted proteins that

  2021-01-12

  

  Cytokines are small secreted proteins that mediate and regulate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. They are produced in response to an immune stimulus. Cytokines regulate the intensity and duration of the immune response by stimulating or inhibiting the activation, proliferation, and/or diff

• Xenobiotic metabolism primarily occurs in

  2021-01-12

  

  Xenobiotic metabolism primarily occurs in liver, which contains many enzymes to catalyze the transformation of xenobiotic. Usually, cytochrome P-450s (CYP450s) act as the first response for biotransformation of xenobiotic in organisms. CYP450s generally consist of various subfamily enzymes which can

• P H is a nonheme iron II dioxygenase that

  2021-01-12

  

  P4H is a nonheme iron(II) dioxygenase that uses O2 and α-ketoglutarate as co-substrates (Fig. 1A). The three-dimensional structure of mammalian P4H is unknown. We reasoned that an electrophilic analog of α-ketoglutarate could serve as an irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme and, hence, a useful prob

• As noted earlier while exogenously

  2021-01-12

  

  As noted earlier, while exogenously administered BChE can protect against OP toxicity, its efficacy is limited by clearance of the protein from the circulation within a few days. A number of investigations have attempted to increase the circulation time of ChEs by chemical modification, gene transfe

• More recently it was discovered that BChE

  2021-01-12

  

  More recently, it was discovered that BChE hydrolyzes the neuropeptide gut hormone, ghrelin [25], [26], [27], [28]. Nonetheless, because the enzyme reaction is very slow, those who first reported this finding were initially reluctant to attribute a real physiological role for that phenomenon. Our ow

• br Conflict of interest statement br

  2021-01-12

  

  Conflict of interest statement References and recommended reading Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as: Acknowledgements We acknowledge financial support by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Federal

• CCR is another chemokine receptor that

  2021-01-11

  

  CCR7 is another chemokine receptor that is upregulated in CLL [3], [61], [71], [96] and is believed to play a role in enabling cell entry into lymph nodes [97]. Higher mRNA and protein expression of CCR7 has been observed in unmutated compared to mutated IGHV CLL [46] and increased expression has be

• br Experimental section br Author

  2021-01-11

  

  Experimental section Author contributions Acknowledgements Introduction Many 10-Hydroxycamptothecin in cells are sequential enzymatic reactions where the product of one enzyme serves as the substrate of a second enzyme (1, 2). Experimental evidence suggests that some of these consecutive

• Roxithromycin Proteolysis by CPs is crucially important for

  2021-01-11

  

  Proteolysis by CPs is crucially important for cereal seed development and germination. However, these enzymes must be tightly controlled. Pre-harvest sprouting is a phenomenon in which the control of CPs is disrupted. This disruption manifests in the premature synthesis and activation of CPs, leadin

• The notion that a small subset of inducible cellular transcr

  2021-01-11

  

  The notion that a small subset of inducible cellular transcripts, encoding immunological important factors, is translocated across the nuclear envelope by the karyopherin CRM1 is gaining support from various recent studies. For example, experimental evidence has been provided demonstrating that the

• Among the various neurotransmitter systems pointed out to pl

  2021-01-11

  

  Among the various neurotransmitter systems pointed out to play a role in the mediation of defensive and antinociceptive responses elicited by environmentally aversive stimuli, the neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor or hormone (CRF or CRH) has attracted the interest of many researchers inves

• br These component origins have been chosen

  2021-01-11

  

  These component origins have been chosen as they purinergic receptors are well-defined options related to developing with components (see for example Morisio and Torchiano (2002); Carney and Long (2000) and Gacek and Arief (2004)). The individual component origins (COTS, OSS, in-house developed

• Introduction We have recently identified that caseinkinase C

  2021-01-11

  

  Introduction We have recently identified that caseinkinase 2 (CK2) inhibition protects white matter (WM) from ischemic injury. We focused our research on CK2 because upregulation of CK2 activity is associated with many diseases, including ischemic injury [1,[6], [7], [8]]. This review highlights an

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